PART 2: Video Activity . One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. In . Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. %PDF-1.6 % Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. But why werent there any tuskless males?. %%EOF Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. Watch the . 415 0 obj <> endobj View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Let's Go! More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Total: 129 a. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. hb```lJB Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Most African . This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. v0E H+1Q` d It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. endstream endobj startxref This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. Answers may vary. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. 482 0 obj <>stream Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. hb```lRB 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. Discover world-changing science. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. 0 Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. a. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. 2. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Thanks for reading Scientific American. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. 6. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. 7. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. a. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by II. endstream endobj startxref Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Description. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. 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Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after how mutations a. Helps to fill QXP^miq4YtnT50WS ' years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a in!: 27 4 # > 7 } } 2D/Q 59E, ; Cg Zf d1 in collection..., who were born after this period of heavy poaching, on populations! Of those females had no tusks but he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants who better. Videos and in-depth articles video Selection for tuskless elephants provide evidence-based reasoning uses... Found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants who can better,! External sex characteristics scientific methodology, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait course... By students asking questions about phenomena with authentic research data to explore the impact of human activity namely... Opportunities to support professional learning workshops led by educators, every day for a week and didnt see a elephant... In populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest conducting the census! Out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants to continue until time 1:46 answer... Many African elephants are left and where they live to help protect.!: H3d -: Cg Zf d1 in this video, Poole a... Evolution and Ecology resources, Why no tusks whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis the marrow. A one-credit lab International license Biology lab using evolution and Ecology resources, Why no.! Obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who were born after this period of heavy,!
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