From 2012 through 2013, and previously from 2002 through 2007 and 1991 through 1998, she served as an attorney advisor for the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA), EOIR, DOJ. But many immigration lawyers disagree. This young woman and her son fled Nicaragua in 2016 to get away from the boy's abusive father. contribute to differences in asylum denial rates. If the IJassigned does not appear in the list, use the full last name. other factors, such as the types of cases on the Judge's docket, the detained status of immigrant The information on the new immigration judges is extracted from an EOIR news release on their hiring [PDF version]. factor rule or are otherwise inconsistent with this standard, the court overruled those cases. From 1979 to 1995, he was a regional counsel for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Chicago. Anderson, David C. 1006. The immigration judges are attorneys whom the Attorney General appoints as administrative judges within the Office of the Chief Immigration Judge to conduct specified classes of proceedings, including hearings under section 240 of the Act. Judge Miller has a law degree from the Florida Coastal School ofLaw. He has a law degree from Fordham LawSchool. Judge Torg has a law degree from the University of Virginia School ofLaw. But he also said he was glad he could ask the judge more questions. The Imperial Immigration Court is located in Imperial,California. . Window Filing Hours: 8:30 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. The Eloy Immigration Court is located in Eloy,Arizona. All rights reserved. Immigration Judge Vince H. Spath began hearing cases at the Arlington Immigration Court in October 2018. He has a law degree from North Dakota StateUniversity. Immigration Judge Alice Song Haryte began hearing cases at the York Immigration Court in October 2018. Figure1 provides a comparison of Judge Der-Yeghiayan's The current status is Currently registered. An immigration judge also decides cases of aliens in various types of removal proceedings. The Immigration Judges' initials are attached to this Order as The Executive Office for Immigration Review, a Department of Justice agency that runs the courts, said it plans to offer the videos in 20 more commonly-used languages. From 2001 to 2008, she was an attorney with the Department of Health and Human Services. The content of myattorneyusa.comis copyrighted. See Figure2. Appearance of Impropriety"An Immigration Judge shall endeavor to avoid any actions that, in the judgment of a reasonable person with knowledge of the relevant facts, would create the appearance that he or she is violating the law or applicable ethical standards." Judge Olivia Cassin in New York City allows immigrants to remain in the country in 93 percent of cases she hears. Immigration Judge Shadee M. Starr began hearing cases at the San Francisco Immigration Court in October 2018. Sam Factor is an attorney registered with , admitted in 2005. serving during this period who rendered at least one hundred decisions. I think it answered everything, he said of the video. with Justice Samuel Alito writing the opinion for . But now, Coln says some immigration judges have begun denying all asylum claims based on domestic violence. Prior to his appointment, he served as a lawyer in various capacities with the Department of Homeland Security's immigration components from 2008-2018, and was most recently an assistant chief counsel for ICE in Dallas from 2016-2018. The Bloomington Immigration Court is located in Fort Snelling,Minnesota. During this period, court records show that Judge Factor decided 695 asylum claims on their merits. Immigration Judge Arya S. Ranasinghe began hearing cases at the Newark Immigration Court in October 2018. An official website of the United States government. She has a law degree from St. Mary's University School ofLaw. from 1 to 238 - where 1 represented the highest denial percent and 238 Immediately prior to beginning his service on the immigration bench, Judge Masters was an assistant chief counsel and deputy chief counsel for ICE in Boston from 2008 to 2018. CHICAGO, IL Samuel Cole is an Immigration Judge out of Chicago. From 1999 through 2003, he served as an associate attorney for McDermott, Will & Emery, in Chicago. He has a law degree from Whittier LawSchool. from Franklin Pierce Law Center in 1978. Naturalization Service (INS) in Chicago under the Attorney General's Honor Program. Cole, Samuel B. Judge Doolittle has a law degree from the Washburn University School ofLaw. Prior to her appointment, she worked as an attorney in private practice, including as senior pro bono coordinating attorney for Kids in Need of Defense in Los Angeles . After a 13-minute hearing, an immigration judge an executive branch officer, distinct from a traditional judge upheld that decision. 27 Whitehall Street, 5th Fl In 2017, he served as an assistant U.S. attorney at the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Western District of Louisiana. Eva S. Saltzman, Immigration Judge, Newark Immigration Court. Immigration Judge Carlos R. Juelle began hearing cases at the Los Angeles Immigration Court in October 2018. He earned his Juris Doctor from the University of Missouri in 1996. Judge Factor earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1995 and a Bachelor of Science in 2002, both from the City University of New York, College of Staten Island, and a Juris Doctor in 1998 from the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law. Prior to becoming an immigration judge, he was a Marine officer from 1998 to 2018 and served as a Judge Advocate from 2007 to 2018. Immediately prior to her appointment, she served as an assistant chief counsel with ICE from 2017 to 2018. Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch appointed Samuel B. Cole to begin hearing cases in August 2016. Judge Owen has a law degree from Georgia StateUniversity. UNDER MATTER OF M-A-M-By The Legal Action Center and The University of Houston Law Center Immigration Clinic2 Until recently, attorneys and immigration judges had limited guidance about safeguards that might be available to ensure a fair hearing in immigration court for noncitizens with mental competency issues. She served two stints as a special assistant U.S. attorney at the U.S. attorney's office for the Middle District of Pennsylvania during that period. Compared to Judge Factor's denial rate of 39.6 percent, Immigration Court judges across the country Coln points to a stack of legal filings more than five inches high, detailing the years of sexual and physical abuse her client described to her. Judge Guerrero has a law degree from Arizona State University Sandra Day O'Connor College ofLaw. Hochul deflects when asked about 'good cause' eviction bill, Judge: Former coach's discrimination lawsuit against New York Giants and NFL can proceed, Supreme Court justices pour water on NYs push to save mob-busting seaport watchdog, NJ Legislature OKs bill to make landlords, sellers warn residents about past floods. An immigration judge, formerly known as a special inquiry officer, is an employee of the United States Department of Justice who confers U.S. citizenship or nationality upon lawful permanent residents who are statutorily entitled to such benefits. Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch appointed Samuel B. Cole to begin hearing cases in August 2016. In this post, we will consolidate the . EOIR has not eliminated interpreters, and in-person and telephonic interpreters are available to conduct business after the video advisals are played, he said. Judge Saltzman is a member of the Connecticut, District of Columbia, and New York State Bars. Although denial rates are shaped by each Judge's judicial philosophy, denial rates are also shaped by Since 2005, he has served in the U.S. Coast Guard Reserves Legal Services Command. Immigration Judge Grady A. Crooks began hearing cases at the LaSalle Immigration Court in October 2018. judicial philosophy that the Judge brings to the bench. She has a law degree from AmericanUniversity. Turning to one respondent with a young child, Cassin added, I know that this is hard but you need to help your son.. Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch appointed Eva S. Saltzman to begin hearing cases in August 2016. Published Oct 26, 2022. He showed Courtesy, Justice and Patience. "It is not easy for the judges. Judge Factor's asylum grant and denial rates are compared with other judges serving on the same court from Franklin Pierce Law Center in 1978. Before beginning her service, Judge Meyer was an assistant chief counsel for ICE in Omaha and Atlanta, Georgia, from 2010 to 2018. Judge May has a law degree from the University of Missouri-Kansas City School ofLaw. appeared pro se at the April 22, For more information, to subscribe, or to donate, contact trac@syr.edu or call 315-443-3563. If judges were ranked The young woman from Nicaragua has the dubious distinction of being one of the first migrants to be denied asylum under a June 2018 ruling from then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions in a case known as "Matter of A-B-.". In his ruling, immigration judge Michael C. Horn wrote that he was "very sympathetic to the plight of the individual in this case," and that he found her story to be credible. Judge Fernandez has a law degree from the University of Houston LawCenter. The Fort Worth Immigration Adjudication Center received seven new judges, bringing its total to nine. Immigration judges of now reject nearly 70 percent of asylum claims, up from less than 60 percent when President Trump took office. He showed Courtesy, Justice and Patience. Acting Chief Immigration Judge Michael C. McGoings presided over the investiture during a ceremony held July 29, 2016, in the ceremonial courtroom of the E. Barrett Prettyman U.S. The LaSalle Immigration Court is located in Jenna,Louisiana. different immigration judges. The union has already complained that EOIR has been cutting back on interpreters for other court hearings. The investiture of 46 new immigration judges in the September 28, 2018 announcement followed the investiture of 23 immigration judges announced on August 16, 2018 [see blog]. Court Address Immigration Judges Court Administrator Las Vegas 110 North City Parkway, Suite 400 Las Vegas, NV 89106 702-458-0227 McDermott, Ann M. Nguyen, An Roberts, Lindsy M. (7.5%), India (4.5%), Cuba (2.5%), Venezuela (2.1%), Ecuador (2.1%), Nicaragua (1.9%), Haiti (1.7%), 06/18/2020-Judge XYZ- non-detained" in the subject line of the email. He has a law degree from the University of Texas School ofLaw. hide caption. In the conclusion, we will discuss trends from the latest class of immigration judges. Over one hundred different nationalities had at least one hundred [10][11], Last edited on 25 February 2022, at 09:33, "Attorney General Sessions Delivers Remarks to the Largest Class of Immigration Judges in History for the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR)", "Sessions criticizes immigrants' attorneys before immigration judges", "Executive Office for Immigration Review to Swear in 28 Immigration Judges, Bringing Judge Corps to Highest Level in History", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigration_Judge_(United_States)&oldid=1073908037, This page was last edited on 25 February 2022, at 09:33. example, TRAC has previously found that legal representation and the nationality of the asylum seeker are From 1992 to 2002, he served in the U.S. Navy after graduating from the U.S. He has a law degree from the Benjamin N. Cardozo School ofLaw. She clerked for Judge Tommy E. Miller of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. He says immigration courts have been flooded in recent years with claims based on gang violence and domestic abuse that should not qualify for asylum. From 1997 to 2018, Judge Juelle was an attorney in private practice. And, given Immigration Judge Jaime Jasso began hearing cases at the Imperial Immigration Court in October 2018. She has a law degree from the University of Arizona James E. Rogers College ofLaw. Her prior experience came primarily as a municipal court judge in Texas from 2005 to 2018. Other nationalities in descending order of frequency appearing before Judge Factor were: India (10.4%), Variations among judges and courts are broad. Then variations in Joel Rose Prior to his appointment, he served as a judge advocate with the U.S. Marine Corps for over two decades, from 1996 to 2018. We wish the new immigration judges the best of luck in their newpositions. From 1990 through 1991, she served as a law clerk for the Office of the Chief Administrative Hearing Officer, EOIR, DOJ, entering on duty through the Attorney Generals Honors Program. Before and after her stint as a U.S. attorney, she was in private practice. Immigration Judge Anita L. Simons began hearing cases at the Los Angeles Immigration Court in October 2018. Your honest review allows judges to receive an assessment of their work, and to hopefully make adjustments so that at the end of the day, we have a more uniform application of the laws and regulations, with fairness, courtesy and compassion in all our immigration courts across the United States. Cameroon (1.5%), Nepal (1.2%). The option requires a state court order, and, in doing so, often creates confusion among state court judges as to their role in the process of legalizing a child's immigration status. Prior to her appointment, she served as senior litigation counsel for the Office of Immigration Litigation at the Department of Justice from 2016-2018, and a trial attorney for the same office from 2008 to 2016. asylum decisions among Judges on the same Immigration Court would appear to reflect, at least in part, the Executive Office for Immigration Review. Its about 15 minutes long and pretty comprehensive. 26 Federal Plz FL 14, New York, NY 10278-0004, Appearance Enhancement and Barber Businesses, US Department of Justice, Executive Office for Immigration Review, dakota county facilities hastings mn 55033, susan dupra new york administrative law judge, 125 mountain pass east branch ny 13756 nicholas, 26 Federal Plaza, 14th Floor, New York, NY, 28 Liberty St FL 21, New York, NY 10005-1495, 300 N Gay St Ste 2400, Baltimore, MD 21202-4828, 1104 San Antonio St, Austin, TX 78701-2109, 305 Broadway FL 7, New York, NY 10007-1188, 875 3rd Ave Fl 9, New York, NY 10022-0123, 2255 Glades Rd Ste 324a, Boca Raton, FL 33431-8571, Us Dept of Justice Executive Office for Immigration Review, 26 Federal Plz Fl 14, New York, NY 10278-0004, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Office of The Principal Legal Advisor, 26 Federal Plz Fl 11, New York, NY 10278-0004, U.S. Department of Homeland Security - Opla, 26 Federal Plz Rm 1130, New York, NY 10278-0004, 26 Federal Plz Fl 9, New York, NY 10278-0004, U.S. Department of Homeland Security Opla, 26 Federal Plz Ste 1130, New York, NY 10278-0004, 26 Federal Plz Rm 16-203, New York, NY 10278-0004, 26 Federal Plz Rm 1237, New York, NY 10278-0004, Office of the General Counsel - SSA Region II, 26 Federal Plz Rm 3904, New York, NY 10278-0004, United States Court of International Trade, One Federal Plaza, New York, NY 10278-, 26 Federal Plaza, 31st Floor, STE 31-01-105, New York, NY 10278-0001, Dept of Homeland Security, New York, NY 10278-, United States Court of International Trade, U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development, Office of General Counsel, 26 Federal Plaza Rm 32-102, New York, NY 10278-, 26 Federal Plaza, Room 41-14, New York, NY 10278-, U.S. Court of International Trade, Room 481, 514 Golfview Ct, Staten Island, NY 10314-5911, 203 Lakeshore Blvd, Massapequa Park, NY 11762-3006, 1000 Louisiana St Ste 5100, Houston, TX 77002-5091, 3 Becker Farm Rd Ste 105, Roseland, NJ 07068-1726, Office of Court Administration (OCA), New York State Unified Court System. Judges are used to answering questions from immigrants who dont have attorneys. He also details the term voluntary departure, a way for immigrants to return to another country if they dont want to fight their case in court. Rate Your Immigration Judge is an important source of information for other immigrants and their attorneys, but also for the immigration judges. That is 112 In the nation as a whole during this same period, major nationalities of asylum seekers, in descending Prior to his appointment, he served as an attorney and judge with the U.S. Air Force from 1993 to 2018. Before her appointment, she was a deputy chief counsel in the Office of Legal Counsel, Office of the Principal Legal Advisor, ICE in Atlanta. These included associate deputy principal advisor for Field Legal Operations (2016-2018); deputy chief of the Criminal Law division (2010-2014); associate legal director in the Enforcement Law division (2010-2014); and assistant chief counsel in Baltimore (2002-2008). Immigration Judge Laura C. Figueroa began hearing cases at the San Francisco Immigration Court in October 2018. from China. Immigration Judge Janette L. Allen began hearing cases at the Los Angeles Immigration Court in October 2018. Judge Monique Harris in Houston . But he says the "Matter of A-B-" ruling may also be a factor . Immigration judges of now reject nearly 70 percent of asylum claims, up from less than 60 percent when President Trump took office. Association. From 2003 to July 2016, he served as an assistant U.S. attorney, U.S. Attorney's Office, Department of Justice, in . Judge Cole earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1995 from Rice University and a Juris Doctor in 1998 from the Harvard Law School. The employer name is US Department of Justice, Executive Office for Immigration Review. That's when she took her son and fled to the U.S. She's now appealing the judge's decision in her asylum case. Other nationalities in descending order of frequency appearing before Judge Factor were: India (10.4%), From 2012 to 2018, he was a military judge. "District Counsel of the Year" award in 1998 and the Frank J. McGarr award for "Outstanding From 2002 to 2008, he was an assistant district attorney in three different district attorney's offices in Texas. From 2007 to 2010, she was an immigration service officer for the USCIS in Fairfax, Virginia. The disclosed information for each attorney includes Registration Number, First Name, Middle Name, Last Name, Suffix, Company Name, Street Address, City, County, Country, Business Telephone Number, Year Admitted to the NYS Bar, Judicial Department of Admission, Law School from which degree was granted, the registration status of the attorney, Next Registration month and year. From 2013 to May 2016, she served as associate program director for the Office of Legal Access Programs, Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR), Department of Justice (DOJ). When asylum seekers are not represented by an attorney, almost all of them (83%) are denied asylum. She believes that's why her son was born prematurely a month later. Before becoming an immigration judge, Judge Nance was an attorney, circuit judge, and chief circuit judge with the U.S. Army from 1998 to 2018. She has a law degree from South Texas College ofLaw. immigration courts located in different parts of the country tend to have order of frequency, were El Salvador (18.2%), Guatemala (16.0%), Honduras (14.6%), Mexico (10.5%), China He scheduled Mandbirs next hearing for the fall and told him his new lawyer could appear by phone if he couldnt come in person, something that wasnt explained in the video. A 2009 study found "many immigration judges adjudicating cases of asylum seekers are suffering from significant symptoms of secondary traumatic stress and job burnout, which, according to the researchers, may shape their judicial decision-making processes." During this period, Judge From 2003 through 2005, she served as a law clerk for the Honorable Andrew W. Austin, U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas. [citation needed] I asked what she'll do if she loses the appeal. The Falls Church Immigration Adjudication Center is located in Falls Church, Virginia. From 1995 through 1999, she served as a staff sergeant for the 147th Medical Squadron, Texas Air National Guard. From 2010 to July 2016, she served as an assistant U.S. attorney for the Southern District of Florida, U.S. Attorneys Office, Department of Justice (DOJ). Russia (1.6%), Ethiopia (1.6%), Pakistan (1.5%), and Cameroon (1.4%). All RightsReserved, Falls Church Immigration AdjudicationCenter, Forth Worth Immigration AdjudicationCenter. I've had to look a person in the eye and tell them I believe you were telling me the truth. Immigration Judge Abby L. Meyer began hearing cases at the Omaha Immigration Court in October 2018. In the memo, obtained by CNN and sent to all immigration judges on Friday, the Justice Department lays out specific measures of performance for judges, including completing at least 700. "I felt safe here.". 1996-2021: U.S. Air Force Active Duty Judge Advocate in a number of locations. reflect in part the personal perspective that the judge brings to the bench. From 2008 to 2018, she was an assistant chief counsel for ICE in Newark. You can schedule a consultation with us on Skype, over the phone, or in person by using our Online Consultationform. Your future depends on this.. The following are the immigration courts on which the new immigration judges willserve: The following is the list of 46 new immigration judges sorted by their court ofservice. Knowledge of Facts / Conocimiento del caso, Knowledge of Law / Conocimiento de la ley, Copyright Rate Your Immigration Judge 2023. Furthermore, it is worth noting that two courts received supervisory immigrationjudges. Judge Martinez has a law degree from Texas A&M University School ofLaw. Assistance, State of New York, in Brooklyn.From 2007 to 2010, he was an agency attorney with the See Figure 2. To see an index of our previous posts on new immigration hires, please see our full article on the issue [see index]. The New York City Immigration Court is located in Manhattan, NewYork. In this post, we will briefly examine the new resumes of each of the 46 new immigration judges, sorted by the immigration courts on which they will serve. Judge DeAngelis earned a Bachelor of Science degree in 1997 from Southampton College, a Master of Science degree in 2000 from the University of Hawaii, and a Juris Doctor in 2005 from the University of Arizona. Decisions. about 8.2% of asylum seekers are not represented. The President wants to build a wall on the southern border, and keep asylum-seekers on the other side of it. She had previously worked in the area of immigration defense with various organizations in New York and Minnesota. [9] An immigration judge can either be a citizen or a national of the United States. If you have difficulty accessing an internet-based hearing, please contact the relevant technical support point of contact for assistance . Detailed data on Judge Der-Yeghiayan decisions are available for the period covering From 2005 to 2016, Judge Crooks was an attorney with the U.S. Air Force. Immigration Judge Brian T. Palmer began hearing cases at the New York Immigration Court in October 2018. "I just don't believe your claim is rewarded with asylum.". Compared to Judge Der-Yeghiayan's denial rate of 68.6 percent, nationally He has a law degree from Quinnipiac University and a master of laws degree from the Judge Advocate General's Legal Center andSchool. The news release states that the EOIR plans to announce two more classes of immigration judges in the final months of2018. Factor gave him a transcript of the video afterwards, and asked if he had any questions. "She suffered horrendous abuse, she went to the police, really to no avail. India (3.5%), Guatemala (3.1%), El Salvador (2.1%), Armenia (2.1%), Mexico (1.7%), A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Immigration Judge Joseph T. Leonard began hearing cases at the Fort Worth Immigration Adjudication Center in October 2018. On September 28, 2018, the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) announced that it had completed its largest ever immigration judge investiture, swearing in 46 new members of the immigration bench [PDF version]. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. he granted 81, gave no conditional grants, and denied 177. Joel Rose He has also been a judge advocate for the Texas Army National Guard since 2014. From 2013-2018, she worked as an immigration attorney. Great Judge and excellent human being. Several immigration courts received significant numbers of new immigration judges. "I don't think they take the time to listen to the client, even in the hearing," Coln said. All Rights Reserved, Review and comment based on your own experience. 10004 Before becoming an immigration judge, Judge Palmer compiled over three decades of experience as an attorney, judge, and commanding officer in the U.S. Marine Corps from 1987 to 2018. The governor wont be embracing the bill despised by landlords and supported by tenant advocates. seekers, in descending order of frequency, were From 2008 to 2018, she served as an assistant chief counsel and then as a deputy chief counsel for ICE in Oakdale, Louisiana. proportionately larger shares from some countries than from others. From 2003 to July 2016, he served as an assistant U.S . hide caption. "They just have their script.". he was promoted to the position of district counsel for the Chicago District of the INS where he served until his appointment as an Immigration Judge in December 2000. He has a law degree from the University of Maryland School ofLaw. See Figure 4. Courthouse in Washington, D.C. After a thorough application process, Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch appointed Elisa Castrolugo, Samuel B. Cole, Kathryn L. DeAngelis, Lisa Ann J. de Cardona and Eva S. Saltzman to their new positions. Attorney Advertising: prior results do not guarantee similaroutcomes. The admitted year is 2005. Judge Taylor served as a law clerk for Judge Robert C. Brack of the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico and for Judge Eugene E. Siler, Jr., of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Nor is the video the first such salvo from the judges' group, which has lobbied Congress and spoken out . From 1987 to 2018, she served as an assistant U.S. attorney, first in the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Nevada and section for the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of California. If an asylum seeker is not represented by an Judge Castaneda had previously served as a prosecutor, most recently for the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of Texas from 2016-2018, and prior to that as an assistant district attorney with various local district attorneys offices in Texas. The status is Currently registered. For immigrants who come to court without a lawyer, judges have traditionally asked which languages they speak and then found them interpreters to explain how the court system works. She was seven months pregnant at the time. Immigration Judge Sebastian T. Patti began hearing cases at the Los Angeles Immigration Court in October 2018. of New York, College of Staten Island, and a Juris Doctor in 1998 fromthe Benjamin N. Cardozo School of From 2011 to 2018, Judge Mendez was an administrative judge for the Department of Defense's Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals, after serving as a trial attorney for the Department of Defense from 2003 to 2011. The young woman arrived at a moment when immigration is paralyzing American politics. However, if judges within a Court are assigned to City, State: Chicago, IL. Judge Jacobs has a law degree from the University of Miami LawSchool. Bryan D. Watson Immigration Judge Bryan D. Watson began hearing cases in April. judges denied asylum at higher rates, and 125 denied asylum at the same 70.6. This story has been updated to reflect that the video was viewed last week, not this week. Biden fills immigration court with Trump hires. In a written notice of hearing, the immigration court set petitioners' removal hearing date with the Immigration Judge ("IJ") for "Apr 22, 2016." Ms. Hernandez was also reminded of this hearing date during one of her mandatory appointments for her alternatives-to-detention program. Each attorney is registered with the registration number, full name, company name and address, phone number, email, year admitted, etc. Immigration Judge Marni Guerrero began hearing cases at the Los Angeles Immigration Court in October 2018. Immigration court can be overwhelming for a first-time visitor, even with an attorney. We're not using the woman's name because her parents are undocumented, and she's asking for asylum and hopes to stay in the U.S. She fled Nicaragua with her infant son to get away from the boy's abusive father. He was a young man from India who gave permission to publish only his first name, Mandbir.
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